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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sopkem | om sopko |
| 2SG: | sopket | ot sopko |
| 3SG: | sopka | ok/ogeʃ sopko |
| 1PL: | sopkena | ona/ogəna sopko |
| 2PL: | sopkeda | oda/ogəda sopko |
| 3PL: | sopkat | ogət sopko |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sopkəʃəm | ʃəm sopko |
| 2SG: | sopkəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ sopko |
| 3SG: | sopkəʃ | əʃ sopko |
| 1PL: | sopkəʃna | əʃna sopko |
| 2PL: | sopkəʃda | əʃda sopko |
| 3PL: | sopkəʃt | əʃt sopko |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sopkenam | sopken oməl |
| 2SG: | sopkenat | sopken otəl |
| 3SG: | sopken | sopken ogəl |
| 1PL: | sopkenːa | sopken onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | sopkenda | sopken odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | sopkenət | sopken ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sopkem əʎe | om sopko əʎe |
| 2SG: | sopket əʎe | ot sopko əʎe |
| 3SG: | sopka əʎe | ok/ogeʃ sopko əʎe |
| 1PL: | sopkena əʎe | ona/ogəna sopko əʎe |
| 2PL: | sopkeda əʎe | oda/ogəda sopko əʎe |
| 3PL: | sopkat əʎe | ogət sopko əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sopkem ulmaʃ | om sopko ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | sopket ulmaʃ | ot sopko ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | sopka ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ sopko ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | sopkena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna sopko ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | sopkeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda sopko ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | sopkat ulmaʃ | ogət sopko ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sopkenam əʎe | sopken oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | sopkenat əʎe | sopken otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | sopken əʎe | sopken ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | sopkenːa əʎe | sopken onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | sopkenda əʎe | sopken odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | sopken əʎe | sopken ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sopkenam ulmaʃ | sopken oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | sopkenat ulmaʃ | sopken otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | sopken ulmaʃ | sopken ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | sopkenːa ulmaʃ | sopken onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | sopkenda ulmaʃ | sopken odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | sopken ulmaʃ | sopken ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sopko | it sopko |
| 3SG: | sopkəʒo | ənʒe sopko |
| 1PL: | (sopkena) | (ona/ogəna sopko) |
| 2PL: | sopkəza | ida sopko |
| 3PL: | sopkəʃt | ənəʃt sopko |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sopkənem | ənem sopko |
| 2SG: | sopkənet | ənet sopko |
| 3SG: | sopkəneʒe | əneʒ sopko |
| 1PL: | sopkənena | ənena sopko |
| 2PL: | sopkəneda | əneda sopko |
| 3PL: | sopkəneʃt | əneʃt sopko |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sopkənem əʎe | ənem sopko əʎe |
| 2SG: | sopkənena əʎe | ənet sopko əʎe |
| 3SG: | sopkəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ sopko əʎe |
| 1PL: | sopkənena əʎe | ənena sopko əʎe |
| 2PL: | sopkəneda əʎe | əneda sopko əʎe |
| 3PL: | sopkəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt sopko əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sopkənet ulmaʃ | ənet sopko ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | sopkəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ sopko ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | sopkəneda ulmaʃ | əneda sopko ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | sopkəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt sopko ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | sopkaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | sopkəman |
| Active participle: | sopkəʃo |
| Passive participle: | sopkəmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | sopkəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | sopkədəmo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | sopken |
| Negative gerund: | sopkəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | sopkəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | sopkəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | sopkəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | sopkəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | sopkədəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||